When does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm. This means that as soon as an mRNA strand is synthesized during transcription, ribosomes can attach to it and begin translating the message into a protein right away. This coupling of transcription and translation is possible because prokaryotic cells do not have a defined nucleus, allowing the processes to occur in the same location without the compartmentalization seen in eukaryotes.

This simultaneous process is efficient for prokaryotic cells, enabling a rapid response to environmental changes and allowing them to quickly synthesize proteins as needed. In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm, which necessitates additional steps and time for mRNA processing and transport. Thus, the correct understanding of bacterial gene expression highlights the unique aspect of prokaryotic biology that facilitates their fast-paced metabolism and adaptability.