Texas A&M University (TAMU) BIOL111 Introductory Biology I Exam 3 Practice Exam

The Golgi apparatus plays a critical role in the process of post-translational modification of proteins and lipids. As proteins and lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo various modifications, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and selective proteolysis. This modification step is essential for the functionality of these molecules.

Once the modifications are complete, the Golgi apparatus sorts and packages these proteins and lipids into vesicles that are directed to their final destinations. These destinations can include the cell membrane, lysosomes, or secretion outside the cell. Thus, the primary role of the Golgi apparatus is to ensure that proteins and lipids are properly processed and dispatched to where they are needed, reflecting its vital function in intracellular transport and processing of macromolecules.