What is the process of RNA splicing responsible for?

RNA splicing is a crucial step in the process of gene expression where introns, non-coding sections of a primary RNA transcript, are removed, and exons, the coding sequences, are joined together. This process is vital because it allows for the generation of a mature messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule that can be translated into a functional protein. The removal of introns ensures that only the relevant coding sequences are included in the final mRNA product, which enhances the specificity and efficiency of protein synthesis.

This mechanism often includes the involvement of a complex known as the spliceosome, which precisely recognizes intronic sequences and catalyzes the splicing reactions. The resulting mRNA, now composed solely of exons, is then ready to be transported out of the nucleus and translated into a protein by ribosomes.

Understanding RNA splicing is essential, as errors in this process can lead to various diseases, including some types of cancer and genetic disorders.