What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis within cells. They are the molecular machines where the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains occurs. Specifically, ribosomes read the sequence of the mRNA and use it as a template to assemble amino acids in the correct order, ultimately forming proteins. This process is vital because proteins carry out a multitude of functions in living organisms, including acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.

In the context of the other options presented, DNA replication involves different enzymes and proteins, such as DNA polymerases; therefore, ribosomes are not involved in that process. The breakdown of lipids is managed by other cellular organelles and enzymes, such as lysosomes or peroxisomes, while storage of genetic information is primarily the role of DNA located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and nucleoid region in prokaryotes. Thus, the unique function of ribosomes as the sites of protein synthesis clearly distinguishes them from the other options.