What are mutagens?

Mutagens are agents that can induce changes in the DNA sequence, leading to mutations. These can be either chemical substances, such as certain types of chemicals that can alter the structure of DNA, or physical agents, such as radiation (like UV light or X-rays) that can damage DNA. When DNA is mutated, it may lead to various consequences, including alterations in protein function, which can impact cellular function and lead to diseases such as cancer. The ability of mutagens to cause mutations is significant in both the study of genetics and the field of toxicology, as it helps in understanding how certain substances can lead to genetic disorders or increase the risk of cancer.